European Defence Autonomy: A Capable Answer, Wrong Layer
ECFR's plan to defend Europe with less of America is capable, and addressed to the wrong structural layer: it manages the readiness gap without closing it.
ECFR’s European Way of Defence: Structural Assessment
The European way of defence is a coordination architecture of the same kind as the alliance it answers; its partial success is the hazard.
Europe’s Defence Plan: Managing the Readiness Gap, Not Closing It
The plan would work in part, and that is exactly why the readiness gap it answers is underestimated.
Europe’s Defence Plan, 2026: The Wrong Layer
ECFR's plan reads the danger right but rebuilds the same architecture one level down, easing friction without reaching the cause.
The Readiness Gap Is Structural
Two independent studies converge: NATO's readiness gap is structural. Spending alone won't close it.
Readiness Gap Briefing: Euros vs. Deployable Force
A decision briefing: why euros spent aren't deployable force, and which gap to measure at Ankara.
The Surge and the Shortfall
Defence spending is surging, yet the readiness gap persists. The risk is measuring the wrong thing.